Yes, if you have permission to access the content. Otherwise, you can see public page notes for the article, and you can see public annotations that anchor to parts of the article that may be visible in a truncated version of the article.
You can also see public annotations for the article on the Hypothesis stream. For http:/example.com/paywalled-article.html, the stream URL is https://hypothes.is/stream?q=uri:http://example.com/paywalled-article.html.